hakimjonas well if you boot with the USB it should be possible to get the journal logs off of it using journalctl in the boot USB. Basically there's nothing we can do to help you figure this out without the logs, but the good news is they should still be written even when the system is unresponsive. I'm not in front of my computer rn so I can't give you the specific commands to use, but they should be possible to find with an internet search.
Also, try the lts kernel. It may work instead since this sounds like it's most likely a kernel issue of some kind.