[deleted] You can mount the guest additions ISO like you would any other disc image.
No one so far has explained why this .ISO is not present in the VirtualBox installation folder, so VirtualBox can install it on guest OSs, except @EbonJaeger , who says it's not there because it's not in the package. The question then becomes, "why isn't it in the package"? It's supposed to be there, according to the VirtualBox documentation.
When it's been downloaded directly from virtualbox.org in the past (not a good idea, according to Solus), it's always been opened by VirtualBox after the download, and installed in its installation folder. This time, it was opened by default by Ark.
So, VirtualBox is not working the way it should, because it's installation is not putting the guest additions where they should be installed. It's not putting it anywhere.