Not sure if I really got your problem, but when I had issues with recognizing drives/partitions I did partition my drive with a certain table (MBR or GPT) but had the opposite configured in my BIOS.
Example: Drive was partitioned with MBR but my BIOS was set on UEFI only.
Some BIOS have the option to recognize both (UEFI/Legacy) but this gave me issues in the past too. I always make sure, that I set my BIOS settings as UEFI only (that means GPT partition table on your drive is required) or Legacy only (that means MBR partition table on your drive is required).
Another issue could be secure boot. In the past, I had secure boot turned on. I believe I had to turn it off (in the BIOS of course). But I am not really sure anymore because thats a long time ago.
