In Plasma:
check default window border size and set it to smth different from No Borders or No Side Borders thru System Settings > Application Style > Window Decorations
margin size between text and window borders in Konsole is set thru Edit Current Profile... > Appearance > Miscellaneous > Terminal contents > Margins and may have any value from 0 to 99px
Gnome doesn't have such a fine tuning controls. It probably depends on application theme and monospaced font in use. Try to change them to smth else. I use PRO-Dark-GTK theme and Pragmata Pro Mono font; terminal text is reasonably distanced from window borders, for me: