Conclusive test. It is indeed the choice of the sddm login screen that is at fault.
If you want a password at system startup when installing SolusOS, everything works fine.
But when you install another sddm screen, you get a black screen at startup.
In this case, I use the Breeze screen, which works.
Mystery solved.
However, I don't understand why it suddenly stopped working.
I suspect that upgrading from KDE Plasma to version 6 caused this issue.
Before the problem arose, I was using another sddm screen without any issues.
Am I the only one who has had this problem with Plasma?