Lucien_Lachance My guess is that you shorted the +5V USB supply to ground with the shielding on your USB-C connector, and your computer's power supply triggered its overcurrent protections circuits. Congratulations, you have a good PSU! It likely saved your expensive stuff. Like the motherboard or case I/O.
But yeah, unfortunately USB-C is just small enough that you can jam it in there if you aren't paying attention. I bet that was a scary experience!