I think it's probably the GPU. I myself have a 4000 series GPU (4070 Ti).
I have the same problem with Debian, I tried Ubuntu, it works fine. And now I'm on Kubuntu.
The checksum is good, I've tried it with several USB (SanDisk, Samsung ...), I've tried it on several USB ports...
I'm going to follow Solus progress and wait for a solution to be found.
EDIT : I've tried Balena Etcher, USB Imager, and two other solutions whose names I've lost, but they don't change the problem.