hugyourlovedones Solus will still be its own thing, when Serpent mature. We focus on delivering desktop computing experience, while Serpent has broader goals.
Atomic (atomic transactions) for distro means that every package transaction (install, uninstall, update,etc) is treated as one unit. So, if anything goes wrong it can be trivially reversed to previous state. Meaning, less breakage and less headache for user. Here is a short article about it.
Honestly, it is a pretty technical term which I am not well-versed in. Take what I said with a bit grain of salt. The point is we want to make a good distro without all the headache that user might face. That's the goal.