System can only run Firefox OR a steam game, but not both

Staudey it is very possible that exactly what you described happened to me. I have done a series of recoveries on this system (probably 5 or 6 since 2021) and am embarrassed to admit I would just follow guides unquestioningly in my early days of switching to linux.

Staudey trying to run either celluloid or vkcube with the __NV_DISABLE_EXPLICIT_SYNC=1 modifier did not change the outcome. Trying to run either command resulted in the same message Segmentation fault (core dumped)

and firefox crashed with this output in the terminal:

matt@matt-solus-desktop ~ $ __NV_DISABLE_EXPLICIT_SYNC=1 firefox
ExceptionHandler::GenerateDump attempting to generate:/home/matt/.mozilla/firefox/hby54hta.default-release/minidumps/06021ed3-2c67-c5bc-6be0-59046ac5a251.dmp
ExceptionHandler::GenerateDump cloned child 55646
ExceptionHandler::SendContinueSignalToChild sent continue signal to child
ExceptionHandler::WaitForContinueSignal waiting for continue signal...
ExceptionHandler::GenerateDump minidump generation succeeded

and this pastebin:

AdapterDeviceID: 0x1b82
AdapterDriverVendor: nvidia/unknown
AdapterDriverVersion: 560.35.3.0
AdapterVendorID: 0x10de
Add-ons: %7B446900e4-71c2-419f-a6a7-df9c091e268b%7D:2024.8.1,uBlock0%40raymondhill.net:1.59.0,firefox-production%40paperpile.com:1.0.61,firefox-extension%40deepl.com:1.12.3,%7B762f9885-5a13-4abd-9c77-433dcd38b8fd%7D:3.0.0.17,sponsorBlocker%40ajay.app:5.7,formautofill%40mozilla.org:1.0.1,pictureinpicture%40mozilla.org:1.0.0,webcompat%40mozilla.org:130.2.0,addons-search-detection%40mozilla.com:2.0.0,firefox-compact-dark%40mozilla.org:1.2,langpack-en-CA%40firefox.mozilla.org:130.0.20240829.75237
AvailablePageFile: 38188113920
AvailablePhysicalMemory: 473788416
AvailableSwapMemory: 40590106624
AvailableVirtualMemory: 25907703808
BackgroundTaskMode: 0
BuildID: 20240903141347
CrashTime: 1725992033
DOMFissionEnabled: 0
DOMIPCEnabled: 0
DesktopEnvironment: budgie:gnome
EMCheckCompatibility: true
GraphicsNumActiveRenderers: 0
GraphicsNumRenderers: 0
HeadlessMode: 0
InstallTime: 1725918630
IsWayland: 0
LastStartupWasCrash: 0
Notes: Solus 4.5 ResilienceFP(D00-L1000-W0000000-T01) WR? WR+ 
ProductID: {ec8030f7-c20a-464f-9b0e-13a3a9e97384}
ProductName: Firefox
ReleaseChannel: release
SafeMode: 0
SecondsSinceLastCrash: 70909
StartupCacheValid: 1
StartupCrash: 1
StartupTime: 1725992032
SubmittedFrom: Client
TelemetryClientId: c29fe55b-c30a-4a07-afd9-6136ee57f9c9
TelemetryEnvironment: {"build":{"applicationId":"{ec8030f7-c20a-464f-9b0e-13a3a9e97384}","applicationName":"Firefox","architecture":"x86-64","buildId":"20240903141347","version":"130.0","vendor":"Mozilla","displayVersion":"130.0","platformVersion":"130.0","xpcomAbi":"x86_64-gcc3","updaterAvailable":false},"partner":{"distributionId":null,"distributionVersion":null,"partnerId":null,"distributor":null,"distributorChannel":null,"partnerNames":[]},"system":{"memoryMB":32039,"virtualMaxMB":null,"cpu":{"extensions":["hasMMX","hasSSE","hasSSE2","hasSSE3","hasSSSE3","hasSSE4_1","hasSSE4_2","hasAVX","hasAVX2","hasAES"]},"os":{"name":"Linux","version":"6.10.8-301.current","locale":"en-CA","distro":"Solus","distroVersion":"4.5"},"hdd":{"profile":{"model":null,"revision":null,"type":null},"binary":{"model":null,"revision":null,"type":null},"system":{"model":null,"revision":null,"type":null}},"gfx":{"D2DEnabled":null,"DWriteEnabled":null,"ContentBackend":"Skia","Headless":false,"EmbeddedInFirefoxReality":null,"TargetFrameRate":165,"textScaleFactor":1,"adapters":[{"description":"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 Ti/PCIe/SSE2","vendorID":"0x10de","deviceID":"0x1b82","subsysID":null,"RAM":0,"driver":null,"driverVendor":"nvidia/unknown","driverVersion":"560.35.3.0","driverDate":null,"GPUActive":true}],"monitors":[{"screenWidth":2560,"screenHeight":1440,"defaultCSSScaleFactor":1,"contentsScaleFactor":1},{"screenWidth":1920,"screenHeight":1080,"defaultCSSScaleFactor":1,"contentsScaleFactor":1}],"features":{"compositor":"none","hwCompositing":{"status":"available"},"gpuProcess":{"status":"unused"},"webrender":{"status":"available"},"wrCompositor":{"status":"blocked:FEATURE_FAILURE_DISABLE_RELEASE_OR_BETA"},"openglCompositing":{"status":"available"},"omtp":{"status":"unused"}}},"appleModelId":null,"hasWinPackageId":null},"settings":{"blocklistEnabled":true,"e10sEnabled":true,"e10sMultiProcesses":8,"fissionEnabled":true,"telemetryEnabled":false,"locale":"en-CA","intl":{},"update":{"channel":"release","enabled":false,"autoDownload":false,"background":false},"userPrefs":{"browser.startup.page":3,"browser.urlbar.autoFill":true,"browser.urlbar.autoFill.adaptiveHistory.enabled":false,"browser.urlbar.dnsResolveSingleWordsAfterSearch":0,"browser.urlbar.quicksuggest.dataCollection.enabled":false,"browser.urlbar.suggest.quicksuggest.nonsponsored":false,"browser.urlbar.suggest.quicksuggest.sponsored":false,"media.gmp-gmpopenh264.lastInstallStart":1725918661,"media.gmp-gmpopenh264.lastDownload":1725918662,"media.gmp-gmpopenh264.lastUpdate":1725918662,"media.gmp-widevinecdm.lastInstallStart":1725918779,"media.gmp-widevinecdm.lastDownload":1725918780,"media.gmp-widevinecdm.lastUpdate":1725918780,"media.gmp-manager.lastCheck":1725918779,"network.trr.strict_native_fallback":false,"privacy.donottrackheader.enabled":true,"signon.rememberSignons":false,"widget.content.gtk-high-contrast.enabled":true},"sandbox":{"effectiveContentProcessLevel":4,"contentWin32kLockdownState":3},"addonCompatibilityCheckEnabled":true,"isDefaultBrowser":null},"profile":{}}
TelemetryProfileGroupId: b5e61165-cac1-411b-b99d-83d29dad75d4
TelemetryServerURL: https://incoming.telemetry.mozilla.org
TelemetrySessionId: a3d0053f-1f0d-4c36-b699-c9c11f52b8ba
Throttleable: 1
TotalPageFile: 74185535488
TotalPhysicalMemory: 33595166720
UptimeTS: .3836831
Vendor: Mozilla
Version: 130.0
This report also contains technical information about the state of the application when it crashed.

For the time being I have been using Brave for compatibility/stability reasons.

MorningCoffeeZombie I also would have thought that there would be a common dependency between all of those apps which you tested (other than glibc). I too think this must be something with the nvidia drivers but I do not know what.
I know Gnome wayland sessions have been having issues from it being mentioned on the forums, and that Budgie and Gnome share components, so I would also wonder if it has something to do with DE packages.

Axios I ran gpu-viewer and honestly have no clue what I am looking at, it gives a ton of information but I do not know what could be "bad" so I can't find any issues.

It does show that I have two available devices; my main GPU and "llvmpipe" which from my understanding uses the CPU to render things. It also confirmed that this system is running in x11 (I already knew that but I think it rules out the wayland issues others have faced).

I just discovered something new about this issue. It appears that the vulkan driver is just flat out missing. This makes it extremely confusing that games are able to be run and the same with vkcube. But nonetheless when you check the output of inxi -G there are seemingly no vulkan drivers present

inxi -G
Graphics:
  Device-1: NVIDIA GP104 [GeForce GTX 1070 Ti] driver: nvidia v: 560.35.03
  Display: x11 server: X.Org v: 21.1.13 with: Xwayland v: 24.1.2 driver: X:
    loaded: nouveau unloaded: fbdev,modesetting,vesa dri: nouveau
    gpu: nvidia,nvidia-nvswitch resolution: 1: 2560x1440~165Hz 2: 1920x1080
  API: EGL v: 1.5 drivers: nvidia,swrast
    platforms: gbm,x11,surfaceless,device
  API: OpenGL v: 4.6.0 compat-v: 4.5 vendor: nvidia mesa v: 560.35.03
    renderer: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 Ti/PCIe/SSE2
  API: Vulkan v: 1.3.290 drivers: N/A surfaces: xcb,xlib

So this is clearly a much deeper issue

Matt_Nico additionally running sudo eopkg check | grep Broken | awk '{print $4}' | xargs sudo eopkg it --reinstall to check for broken packages results in both linux-lts and linux-current being replaced. This happens no matter how many times I attempt to run the command so it appears to be replacing the broken packages with broken packages.