Tilt I'm at work right now so I can't actually test anything, but do you think this article has any relevance:
The article discusses VMD in the context of Lenovo server computers rather than consumer computers, but I think that it is relevant. The three operative sentences are:
(1) "With Intel VMD enabled, all PCI devices behind the VMD controller, for example, NVMe controller inside NVMe SSDs, will be invisible to the operating systems on the server.";
(2) "This is a permanent restriction due to the Intel VMD design." and
(3) "As a workaround, disable Intel VMD to make the PCI devices visible again.".
We've been narrowing this down, bit by bit.
The specifications of your computer are normal, if high end, so this is almost certainly not a hardware block.
The issue presents in both Windows and Solus USB installation attempts, which rules out Linux incompatibility.
You have been attempting to install Windows 10 via the 21H2 MCT, which is current, so the issue is not a "we don't support this hardware" issue in Windows, although it might be an issue in Solus, where the ISO kernel is 6-8 months old.
Take all that into consideration, and I suspect that the issue you are having is almost certainly a BIOS issue, and is most likely related to VMD.
I'm going to look to see if I can find instructions to disable VMD for your computer, so that we can confirm the issue and get you up and running.