I plugged a 8GB USB with a lot of crap on it and decided to remove it the "smart way" so clicked formatting and it reloaded fast removing USB from the file manager- I tough it was ready so unplugged and plugged it again and it just doesn't show up...
Neither via restart, nor from the file manager, nor from GParted, nor from terminal via sudo fdisk -l...
When started it in Windows 10 it says: You need to format the drive before using it....but I am interested to find out how to repair it only via Linux...and I little unsure if it's good to use W10 to do this.

I think if you are able to fix it with W10 there isn't any problem with that. But knowing alternative ways with linux is a good thing too.

Sometimes unrecognized usb's---my own experience only----aren't recognized because a mounting point can no longer be created. Again, in my case permissions changed radically when I've accidentally done the "plug/unplug" thing you described.
My (failed) road to restoration started with permissions but there could still be another 50 variables...
EDIT: and when I say "failed" I had permission problems sudo su/root were unable fix...