Why does XFCE take so long to load on Solus?

Chester-Berkeley

Well, I've been using Solus with KDE Plasma for a few weeks now, and I've really enjoyed it! But I've been having some problems with KDE Plasma, nothing to do with Solus, just the nature of Plasma.

So I thought about using XFCE, and I tested it on my laptop, and strangely, it takes a long time to load, it stays on that black screen for a while (but the panel loads without problems), and that's bothering me. I also tested it in a VM, and the problem persisted (I recorded it with Spectacle, but I couldn't upload the file here).

And I've used XFCE on several other systems, Void, Chimera, FreeBSD, Xubuntu, and I don't understand why this is happening on Solus. Is there any solution?

pomon

Show:

 systemd-analyze
 systemd-analyze blame | tail -10
 systemd-analyze critical-chain

Or, restart your PC. As soon as it starts, keep tapping the Space key repeatedly until the menu appears. Select your entry, press e, remove quiet and splash, then hit Enter. You will see all the boot processes scrolling and exactly where the system hangs.

Chester-Berkeley

pomon Here:

systemd-analyze

Startup finished in 919ms (kernel) + 1.328s (initrd) + 1.523s (userspace) = 3.771s 
graphical.target reached after 1.523s in userspace.

systemd-analyze blame | tail -10

10ms modprobe@fuse.service
  10ms initrd-udevadm-cleanup-db.service
  10ms sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount
  10ms systemd-journal-flush.service
  10ms tmp.mount
   8ms modprobe@drm.service
   8ms modprobe@configfs.service
   7ms pcscd.socket
   7ms systemd-user-sessions.service
  82us systemd-homed-activate.service

systemd-analyze critical-chain

The time when unit became active or started is printed after the "@" character.
The time the unit took to start is printed after the "+" character.

graphical.target @1.523s
└─multi-user.target @1.523s
  └─epoch.service @1.507s +13ms
    └─network-online.target @1.505s
      └─NetworkManager-wait-online.service @1.366s +138ms
        └─NetworkManager.service @1.241s +119ms
          └─basic.target @1.240s
            └─dbus-broker.service @1.224s +14ms
              └─dbus.socket @1.216s
                └─sysinit.target @1.214s
                  └─usr-merge.service @1.196s +18ms
                    └─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @1.168s +25ms
                      └─local-fs.target @1.165s
                        └─tmp.mount @1.153s +10ms
                          └─swap.target @385ms
                            └─dev-zram0.swap @358ms +25ms
                              └─systemd-zram-setup@zram0.service @323ms +34ms
                                └─dev-zram0.device @322ms

pomon

Looks like it's an XFCE session startup issue, not system boot (my bad). Run these right after logging into XFCE:

journalctl --user -b | grep -E "xfce|xfwm|xfdesktop|xfsettings"
systemctl --user status

These might show more.
And with --user

systemd-analyze --user time
systemd-analyze --user critical-chain

Chester-Berkeley

pomon Here again:

journalctl --user -b | grep -E "xfce|xfwm|xfdesktop|xfsettings"

abr 24 19:05:28 solus kernel: pci 0000:00:03.5:   bridge window [mem 0xfce00000-0xfcffffff]
abr 24 19:05:28 solus kernel: pci 0000:00:03.5:   bridge window [mem 0xfce00000-0xfcffffff]
abr 24 19:05:28 solus kernel: pci_bus 0000:0e: resource 1 [mem 0xfce00000-0xfcffffff]
abr 24 19:05:32 solus dbus-broker-launch[802]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Thunar.FileManager1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.FileManager1'.
abr 24 19:05:32 solus dbus-broker-launch[802]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Cache1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Cache1'.
abr 24 19:05:32 solus dbus-broker-launch[802]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Manager1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Manager1'.
abr 24 19:05:32 solus dbus-broker-launch[802]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Thumbnailer1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Thumbnailer1'.
abr 24 19:05:32 solus dbus-broker-launch[802]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.xfce4-notifyd.Notifications.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.Notifications'.
abr 24 19:05:32 solus dbus-broker-launch[802]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.xfce4-notifyd.Notifyd.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.xfce.Notifyd'.
abr 24 19:05:35 solus dbus-broker-launch[968]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Thunar.FileManager1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.FileManager1'.
abr 24 19:05:35 solus dbus-broker-launch[968]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Cache1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Cache1'.
abr 24 19:05:35 solus dbus-broker-launch[968]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Manager1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Manager1'.
abr 24 19:05:35 solus dbus-broker-launch[968]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Thumbnailer1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Thumbnailer1'.
abr 24 19:05:35 solus dbus-broker-launch[968]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.xfce4-notifyd.Notifications.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.Notifications'.
abr 24 19:05:35 solus dbus-broker-launch[968]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.xfce4-notifyd.Notifyd.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.xfce.Notifyd'.
abr 24 19:05:36 solus systemd[935]: Starting xfce4-notifyd.service - XFCE notifications service...
abr 24 19:05:36 solus systemd[935]: Started xfce4-notifyd.service - XFCE notifications service.
abr 24 19:07:17 solus dbus-broker-launch[968]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Thunar.FileManager1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.FileManager1'.
abr 24 19:07:17 solus dbus-broker-launch[968]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Cache1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Cache1'.
abr 24 19:07:17 solus dbus-broker-launch[968]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Manager1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Manager1'.
abr 24 19:07:17 solus dbus-broker-launch[968]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Thumbnailer1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Thumbnailer1'.
abr 24 19:07:17 solus dbus-broker-launch[968]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.xfce4-notifyd.Notifications.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.Notifications'.
abr 24 19:07:17 solus dbus-broker-launch[968]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.xfce4-notifyd.Notifyd.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.xfce.Notifyd'.

systemctl --user status

Failed to connect to user scope bus via local transport: $DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS and $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not defined (consider using --machine=<user>@.host --user to connect to bus of other user)

systemd-analyze --user time

Failed to connect to user scope bus via local transport: $DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS and $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not defined (consider using --machine=<user>@.host --user to connect to bus of other user)

systemd-analyze --user critical-chain

Failed to connect to user scope bus via local transport: $DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS and $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not defined (consider using --machine=<user>@.host --user to connect to bus of other user)

I found these systemd errors quite strange, is that normal?
I tested it on my PC (where I use Solus with Plasma, as I originally mentioned), and it also returns those errors.

pomon

Are you running this inside your XFCE session (terminal in GUI), or from TTY/SSH/sudo?

Chester-Berkeley

pomon No, LightDM

pomon

Run this inside your XFCE session (after you log in, when you have the desktop):
journalctl --user -b -u xfce4-session.service --no-pager
If it's very long, please upload it to pastebin and send the link here.

Chester-Berkeley

pomon journalctl --user -b -u xfce4-session.service --no-pager return "-- No entries --"

Phiqu

EDIT
Saw this thread: https://discuss.getsol.us/d/12628-xfce-49-boots-to-tty-login-prompt-on-multiboot-system
and check some stuff.

EDIT 2
Don't know if the loading thing is also a nvidia thing but all my other little problems seems to be connected to the bad bad nvidia driver.

Original
I have also the problem. My daily driver is the current xfce on cachyos (lts), there it is super fast compared to solus.
After the login, I see the taskbar and black background, after ~ 16 seconds the wallpaper and then wlan, bluetooth shows up. Feels if everything would run on a potato. And I know it was better last year with solus xfce.

4.9 seems in general somehow broken? I installed 4.9 twice fresh on my second hard drive and the first thing I saw after the installation reboot, is the solus maintenance/emergency terminal screen, where you normally do your rollbacks. Just with the second reboot, after I have entered my credentials and wrote reboot. I finally got the gui login screen from xfce. It also boots from time to time to the maintenance screen instead the xfce gui.

My taskbar flickers or disappears also for some seconds sometimes.

systemd-analyze

Startup finished in 7.499s (firmware) + 559ms (loader) + 766ms (kernel) + 1.664s (initrd) + 9.257s (userspace) = 19.746s graphical.target reached after 9.257s in userspace.

systemd-analyze blame | tail -10

8ms systemd-sysusers.service
   7ms modprobe@fuse.service
   6ms systemd-journal-flush.service
   6ms systemd-boot-random-seed.service
   6ms systemd-boot-update.service
   5ms home.mount
   5ms modprobe@drm.service
   5ms tmp.mount
   4ms pcscd.socket
 104us systemd-homed-activate.service

systemd-analyze critical-chain

The time when unit became active or started is printed after the "@" character.
The time the unit took to start is printed after the "+" character.

graphical.target @9.257s
└─multi-user.target @9.257s
  └─epoch.service @9.237s +18ms
    └─network-online.target @9.235s
      └─NetworkManager-wait-online.service @1.852s +7.382s
        └─NetworkManager.service @1.544s +306ms
          └─basic.target @1.542s
            └─dbus-broker.service @1.522s +17ms
              └─dbus.socket @1.517s
                └─sysinit.target @1.514s
                  └─usr-merge.service @1.498s +15ms
                    └─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @1.462s +33ms
                      └─local-fs.target @1.457s
                        └─run-user-1000-gvfs.mount @4.009s
                          └─run-user-1000.mount @3.287s
                            └─swap.target @830ms
                              └─dev-zram0.swap @749ms +70ms
                                └─systemd-zram-setup@zram0.service @715ms +26ms
                                  └─dev-zram0.device @712ms

journalctl --user -b | grep -E "xfce|xfwm|xfdesktop|xfsettings"

Apr 25 22:01:16 ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[919]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Thunar.FileManager1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.FileManager1'.
Apr 25 22:01:16 ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[919]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Cache1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Cache1'.
Apr 25 22:01:16 ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[919]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Manager1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Manager1'.
Apr 25 22:01:16 ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[919]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Thumbnailer1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Thumbnailer1'.
Apr 25 22:01:16 ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[919]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.xfce4-notifyd.Notifications.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.Notifications'.
Apr 25 22:01:16 ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[919]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.xfce4-notifyd.Notifyd.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.xfce.Notifyd'.
Apr 25 22:01:19 ahdnira systemd[886]: Starting xfce4-notifyd.service - XFCE notifications service...
Apr 25 22:01:19 ahdnira systemd[886]: Started xfce4-notifyd.service - XFCE notifications service.
Apr 25 22:05:25 ahdnira sudo[18946]:    phiqu : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/phiqu ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/

systemd-analyze --user time

Failed to connect to user scope bus via local transport: $DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS and $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not defined (consider using --machine=<user>@.host --user to connect to bus of other user)

systemctl --user status

Failed to connect to user scope bus via local transport: $DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS and $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not defined (consider using --machine=<user>@.host --user to connect to bus of other user)

systemd-analyze --user critical-chain

Failed to connect to user scope bus via local transport: $DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS and $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not defined (consider using --machine=<user>@.host --user to connect to bus of other user)

journalctl --user -b -u xfce4-session.service --no-pager

-- No entries --

Chester-Berkeley

Phiqu Yeah, my problem is exactly like that.

And about Nvidia, I don't have Nvidia, I tested it on my Intel with UHD Graphics and in QEMU/KVM. On my PC, I use AMD, but honestly, if any problem can be replicated in QEMU/KVM, the root of the problem is beyond the hardware or driver.

pomon

We need to search. Maybe this will show something:

journalctl --user -b -o short-monotonic | grep -iE "xfce|session|panel|wm|display|startup|initialized"

Phiqu

pomon

rnalctl --user -b -o short-monotonic | grep -iE "xfce|session|panel|wm|display|startup|initialized"

[    1.165973] solus kernel: APIC: Static calls initialized
[    1.167681] solus kernel: AppArmor: AppArmor initialized
[    1.167826] solus kernel: devtmpfs: initialized
[    1.167859] solus kernel: pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[    1.167913] solus kernel: audit: type=2000 audit(1777453238.045:1): state=initialized audit_enabled=0 res=1
[    1.186705] solus kernel: SCSI subsystem initialized
[    1.209128] solus kernel: RAS: Correctable Errors collector initialized.
[    3.101427] ahdnira systemd[1]: Created slice user.slice - User and Session Slice.
[    3.447142] ahdnira kernel: intel_pmc_core INT33A1:00:  initialized
[    3.589530] ahdnira kernel: Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
[    3.589548] ahdnira kernel: Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
[    3.589566] ahdnira kernel: Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[    3.589584] ahdnira kernel: Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[    3.639293] ahdnira kernel: iTCO_wdt iTCO_wdt: initialized. heartbeat=30 sec (nowayout=0)
[    4.252066] ahdnira kernel: Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
[    4.252023] ahdnira bluetoothd[694]: Bluetooth management interface 1.23 initialized
[    4.255040] ahdnira kernel: nvidia-nvlink: Nvlink Core is being initialized, major device number 236
[    4.990009] ahdnira kernel: [drm] Initialized nvidia-drm 0.0.0 for 0000:01:00.0 on minor 0
[    5.053862] ahdnira wpa_supplicant[845]: Successfully initialized wpa_supplicant
[    5.056510] ahdnira systemd[1]: Starting systemd-user-sessions.service - Permit User Sessions...
[    5.062487] ahdnira systemd[1]: Finished systemd-user-sessions.service - Permit User Sessions.
[    5.273374] ahdnira systemd[1]: Starting lightdm.service - Light Display Manager...
[    5.457589] ahdnira systemd[1]: Started lightdm.service - Light Display Manager.
[    5.562484] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (II) NVIDIA(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section
[    5.918273] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(0): Valid display device(s) on GPU-0 at PCI:1:0:0
[    5.980441] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): DFP-2: Internal DisplayPort
[    5.980625] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): DFP-4: Internal DisplayPort
[    5.980949] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): AOC 24G1WG4 (DFP-6): Internal DisplayPort
[    6.590387] ahdnira lightdm[886]: pam_unix(lightdm-autologin:session): session opened for user phiqu(uid=1000) by phiqu(uid=0)
[    6.615790] ahdnira systemd-logind[705]: New session 1 of user phiqu.
[    6.697343] ahdnira (systemd)[895]: pam_unix(systemd-user:session): session opened for user phiqu(uid=1000) by phiqu(uid=0)
[    6.709206] ahdnira systemd-logind[705]: New session 2 of user phiqu.
[    7.080532] ahdnira systemd[1]: Started session-1.scope - Session 1 of User phiqu.
[    7.180355] ahdnira systemd[895]: Created slice session.slice - User Core Session Slice.
[    7.219244] ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[946]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Thunar.FileManager1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.FileManager1'.
[    7.219356] ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[946]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Cache1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Cache1'.
[    7.219874] ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[946]: Policy to allow eavesdropping in /usr/share/dbus-1/session.conf +31: Eavesdropping is deprecated and ignored
[    7.219874] ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[946]: Policy to allow eavesdropping in /usr/share/dbus-1/session.conf +33: Eavesdropping is deprecated and ignored
[    7.219418] ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[946]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Manager1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Manager1'.
[    7.219490] ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[946]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.Tumbler.Thumbnailer1.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.thumbnails.Thumbnailer1'.
[    7.219600] ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[946]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.xfce4-notifyd.Notifications.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.freedesktop.Notifications'.
[    7.219659] ahdnira dbus-broker-launch[946]: Service file '/usr/share//dbus-1/services/org.xfce.xfce4-notifyd.Notifyd.service' is not named after the D-Bus name 'org.xfce.Notifyd'.
[    7.422295] ahdnira systemd[895]: Starting xfconfd.service - Xfce configuration service...
[    7.436253] ahdnira systemd[895]: Started xfconfd.service - Xfce configuration service.
[    7.845785] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): DFP-2: Internal DisplayPort
[    7.845785] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): DFP-4: Internal DisplayPort
[    7.846244] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): AOC 24G1WG4 (DFP-6): Internal DisplayPort
[    7.866014] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): DFP-2: Internal DisplayPort
[    7.866014] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): DFP-4: Internal DisplayPort
[    7.866014] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): AOC 24G1WG4 (DFP-6): Internal DisplayPort
[    8.706685] ahdnira systemd[895]: Startup finished in 1.980s.
[    9.347391] ahdnira systemd[895]: Started wireplumber.service - Multimedia Service Session Manager.
[    9.356916] ahdnira systemd[895]: Starting xfce4-notifyd.service - XFCE notifications service...
[    9.404850] ahdnira systemd[895]: Started xfce4-notifyd.service - XFCE notifications service.
[    9.725654] ahdnira kernel: Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
[    9.725757] ahdnira kernel: Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
[   11.325940] ahdnira NetworkManager[693]: <info>  [1777453249.3587] manager: startup complete
[   11.392708] ahdnira systemd[1]: Startup finished in 32min 32.710s (firmware) + 991ms (loader) + 989ms (kernel) + 1.534s (initrd) + 8.869s (userspace) = 32min 45.095s.
[   12.258396] ahdnira avahi-daemon[1467]: Server startup complete. Host name is ahdnira.local. Local service cookie is 1288986308.
[   24.254239] ahdnira polkitd[749]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-session:1 (system bus name :1.51 [/usr/lib64/polkit-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1], object path /org/gnome/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale de_DE.utf8)
[   28.483011] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): DFP-2: Internal DisplayPort
[   28.483011] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): DFP-4: Internal DisplayPort
[   28.483011] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): AOC 24G1WG4 (DFP-6): Internal DisplayPort
[   29.090491] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): DFP-2: Internal DisplayPort
[   29.090624] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): DFP-4: Internal DisplayPort
[   29.090937] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): AOC 24G1WG4 (DFP-6): Internal DisplayPort
[   38.519719] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): DFP-2: Internal DisplayPort
[   38.519719] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): DFP-4: Internal DisplayPort
[   38.519992] ahdnira xserver-wrapper[880]: (--) NVIDIA(GPU-0): AOC 24G1WG4 (DFP-6): Internal DisplayPort
[  182.804586] ahdnira systemd[895]: Starting flatpak-session-helper.service - flatpak session helper...
[  182.824568] ahdnira systemd[895]: Started flatpak-session-helper.service - flatpak session helper.
[  280.083091] ahdnira sudo[3847]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by phiqu(uid=1000)

@Chester-Berkeley
If you also have flickering elements, there are at least 2 things you could try.
The easiest is to disable composite under window manager tweaks. So flickering is gone and maybe the boot to the console too (edit: nope, boot to console still there but at least no flickering). Which I also try atm, cause option 2 is disable vsync inside of (xfce4-settings-editor) xfwm4. There is the option vblank_mode which handles vsync and it is on "auto", changes to "xpresent" or "off" fixed definitely the boot to the console for me and also flickering. But the missing vsync rips apart my screen while playing games.